Lockdown UK: How far can I travel and can I go abroad?

The UK is in the midst of another lockdown. In a bid to reduce the rate of new infections, there are severe restrictions on travel and activities, similar to those that were in place nationwide last March. 

While the four nations of the UK have slight differences in timing and rules, the basic principles are very similar.

The move will have a massive impact on prospective holidaymakers, business travellers and the industry.

Additionally, arrivals from a “red list” of countries including Portugal, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates must go into hotel quarantine for 10 days.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson is due to set out his road map for exiting lockdown on Monday 22 February, with details expected on the reopening of schools and outdoor socialising in March.

These are the key issues, starting with travel within the UK.

If you are working or have caring duties, as far as you need to.  But for everyone else, travelling anywhere beyond your local area is only permitted for a few specific reasons, including shopping for essentials or seeking medical treatment.

A “local area” is defined as “the village, town, or part of the city where you live”.

The Scottish islands, except for Skye, are exempt from the new rules.

Many of them will do so, as the government continues to provide capacity for key workers to travel to and from their employment. The cost to the taxpayer of running almost entirely empty trains is around £30m per day, while a few million pounds more are spent on local bus services.

Grand Central and Hull Trains – open-access rail firms that run on the East Coast main line in competition with government-funded LNER – aren’t running due to lockdown, but are expected to resume operations on 1 March.

Long-distance coach operator National Express has said it will resume operations from 29 March, while rival Megabus has suspended all operations in England and Wales.

The rules for England stipulate that people can go out once a day to exercise, with their household (or support bubble) or one other person, but should not travel outside their local areas to exercise.

The government says: “You can travel a short distance within your area to do so if necessary (for example, to access an open space). 

“If you need to travel, walk or cycle where possible, and plan ahead and avoid busy times and routes on public transport. This will allow you to practice social distancing while you travel. Avoid car sharing with anyone from outside your household or your support bubble.”

A short drive to an outdoor location should qualify, if there are no reasonable alternatives nearby, but a 30-mile trip to the seaside would not.

While cycling is a legitimate form of exercise, rides that take you a long way from home will be deemed to be beyond your local area and therefore illegal.

Scotland’s government is more specific, citing: “Local outdoor recreation, sport or exercise, walking, cycling, golf, or running that starts and finishes at the same place (which can be up to 5 miles from the boundary of your local authority area) as long as you abide by the rules on meeting other households.

“Travel no further than you need to reach to a safe, non-crowded place to exercise in a socially distanced way.”

No. “Holidays in the UK and abroad are not allowed,” says the UK government. “This includes staying in a second home or caravan, if that is not your primary residence.”

The Scottish government says: "Travelling for the purposes of undertaking essential work on a property other than your main residence should not be used as a pretext for a holiday. 

“You should not stay longer than for the length of time required to undertake the necessary work.”

Yes. All inbound travellers must take a PCR test within 72 hours of travelling to the UK and present a negative test on arrival.

From 15 February, mandatory hotel quarantine came into effect for inbound travellers from a “red list” of 33 nations, including South Africa, Brazil and Portugal, to contain any new variant. 

For arrivals from every other nation, the government will still insist on quarantine of 10 days, with early release if you test negative for coronavirus five days after arrival.

The “red list” nations are currently subject to a travel ban, meaning there are no direct flights from those countries to the UK. Such measures are of little effectiveness if passengers simply take alternative routes.

Not unless you have a good excuse. “You can only travel internationally – or within the UK – where you first have a legally permitted reason to leave home,” says the government. 

Essential journeys are possible: for work, medical treatment, legal purposes or urgent compassionate reasons.

There are a handful of Britons abroad right now, whether that’s for business or compassionate reasons. There are unlikely to be many people abroad for leisure purposes – it’s been illegal to travel for a holiday since 4 January.

The government says: “UK residents currently abroad do not need to return home immediately.”

If you are booked on a proper package holiday through a company such as Tui, Jet2 or easyJet Holidays from now until the end of lockdown, the trip is almost certainly going to be cancelled. Once it is, then you are entitled to a full refund within two weeks.

For people who have booked flight-only deals, the situation is more complicated.

If your flight is cancelled, there is no argument: you are owed a full refund within a week. But if it goes ahead, then the airline may argue that it does not need to offer you money back, and that you can instead have a voucher or postpone your trip – potentially at extra cost.

Yes, but at greatly reduced scale.

In the spring lockdown of 2020, easyJet closed down completely for 11 weeks. Ryanair and British Airways retained a skeleton service of flights to provide essential connectivity.

The direct financial impact of another lockdown will actually be significantly less than it was in March, April and May 2020. 

January is low season for much of the travel industry; apart from the February half term and some activity around Valentine’s Day (14 February), many travel companies sell at a loss in the first three months of the year.

The industry has already written off the winter-sun market; the first half of the ski season has been wiped out, and the second half looks in peril.

However, the highly unwelcome news of the lockdown is going to knock consumer confidence even further.

January should also be the month in which travel companies make an awful lot of cash: taking bookings from people who need a dream to anticipate after Christmas and the New Year are over. 

While a whole range of spring and summer holidays are on offer, the travel industry is selling a fraction of the normal number of holidays.

That they are experiencing the third winter in a row (summer having been a disaster for most of them), and that this is the deepest.

With every attempt by travel firms to restart at scale seemingly thwarted because of new government restrictions, businesses are increasingly calling for help which they say is desperately needed if the UK is going to have a half-decent travel industry left by the time the coronavirus crisis is over.

A spokesperson for Abta, the travel association, said: “For ten months now, many travel businesses have been unable to generate income – putting jobs and businesses at risk – and the latest government measures mean this is unlikely to change soon.“

"Other countries, including France and Italy, have established targeted schemes in recognition of the unique challenges facing travel.”

Tim Alderslade, chief executive of Airlines UK, said: “It's vital that any lockdown is accompanied by measures to support our aviation sector.

“If we cannot reopen travel the future of UK aviation will be bleak indeed.”