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Iceland volcano: Bardarbunga hit by largest earthquake since eruption fears began

Scientists say migrating magma could reach surface and cause eruption

Simon Johnson
Tuesday 26 August 2014 11:07 EDT
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Bardarbunga volcano was hit by a 5.7 magnitude earthquake last night
Bardarbunga volcano was hit by a 5.7 magnitude earthquake last night (EPA)

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The Icelandic volcano that experts fear could erupt and cause significant disruption to air travel was hit by the largest earthquake since tremors began 10 days ago, the country's Meteorological Office said on Tuesday.

Intense seismic activity at Bardarbunga volcano has raised worries that an eruption could cause another ash cloud like that from the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in 2010, which shut down much of Europe's airspace for six days.

“There was one event during the night ... it was a magnitude 5.7 (quake), the largest in this series,” Palni Erlendsson, a geologist at the Met Office said.

“Activity is still deep and we see no signs of anything close to the surface.”

On Sunday, Iceland lowered its warning code for possible volcanic disruption to the aviation industry to orange from red, the highest level on the country's five-point alert system, after concluding that seismic activity had not led to a volcanic eruption under the glacier.

Red alert indicates an eruption is imminent or underway with a significant emission of ash likely.

Met Office scientists believe the earthquakes are a result of magma flowing out from under the crater of the volcano, causing a change in pressure.

The migration of magma — estimated at around 300 million cubic metres (10.6 billion cubic feet) along a 35 kilometre (21 miles) dyke by Icelandic scientists on Monday — could stop. That should lead to a gradual reduction in seismic activity.

But the magma could also reach the surface away from the glacier. This would probably lead to an eruption, but with limited explosive, ash-producing activity, scientists said.

If the magma reaches the surface under the glacier, that would lead to flooding and possibly an explosive eruption and ash production, they added. An eruption inside the Bardarbunga caldera is also possible, but scientists say less likely than the other scenarios.

“We still can't say whether it will cease, continue like this for a while or erupt. It's impossible to say,” Erlendsson said.

There have been thousands of smaller quakes over the past week at Bardarbunga. Areas around the volcano, in the centre of the North Atlantic island nation, have been evacuated.

Bardarbunga is in a different range to Eyjafjallajokull.

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