Stephen Breyer: Who is the liberal Supreme Court justice set to retire?

Liberal US Supreme Court judge Stephen Breyer is expected to announce his retirement on Thursday, paving the way for president Joe Biden to shape the court for the first time and fulfil his campaign promise of nominating a Black woman to the country’s highest federal court.

Mr Breyer, 83, is the oldest judge in the Supreme Court and is one of the three Democrat appointees to the court. The other two are Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan. The six Republican appointees, who hold the majority in the court, include John Roberts, Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh and Amy Coney Barrett.

The last vacancy was filled by Ms Barrett, who was appointed by former president Donald Trump in 2020 after the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg.

Mr Breyer will end a nearly three-decade long run in the Supreme Court, which included more than 500 opinions on a range of subjects such as death penalty, abortion LGBTQ rights and affirmative action.

The San Francisco native studied at Stanford, Oxford and Harvard universities, and also taught law at the latter. He worked in the Senate as chief counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1979 to 1980. In 1980, he was appointed to the first US Circuit Court of Appeals by then president Jimmy Carter.

In 1994, he was elevated to the Supreme Court by president Bill Clinton. Mr Breyer replaced Justice Harry Blackmun in the country’s highest court.

Earlier this year, Mr Breyer along with his liberal colleagues, Justices Sotomayor and Kagan, dissented against the court’s majority decision to block the Biden administration’s vaccine mandate for larger organisations.

In 2021, he dissented when the court allowed a law keeping in place a six-week abortion ban in Texas. Earlier that year, he authored a ruling rejecting a Republican bid to invalidate Obamacare. The ruling preserved the healthcare law formally called the Affordable Care Act for the third time since its enactment in 2010.

In 2016 and 2020, his rulings struck down restrictions on abortion clinics in Texas and Louisiana. In 2015, he was part of the majority ruling that legalised gay marriage.

He is also a fierce opponent of the death penalty. In 2015, the judge had said that it was “highly likely” that the death penalty was unconstitutional.

Mr Breyer was known for his diverse views and said that the court is not a part of the political branches of government, and should take views that may be deemed unpopular. “It is wrong to think of the court as another political institution,” he said in a speech at Harvard Law School in 2021.

“It is doubly wrong to think of its members as junior league politicians. If the public sees judges as ‘politicians in robes’, its confidence in the courts, and in the rule of law itself, can only diminish, diminishing the court’s power, including its power to act as a ‘check’ on the other branches,” he had said.

While his retirement will not tilt the conservative majority of the Supreme Court, the Biden administration is looking to bring in a younger judge ahead of midterm elections due in November.