People who are 'fat but fit' still face higher risk of heart disease, finds study

The concept of being “fit but fat” is a myth, researchers have said.

The comments come after a new study found that even if people have healthy blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels, being overweight or obese still carries a higher risk of coronary heart disease, experts found.

Researchers, led by experts at Imperial College London and the University of Cambridge, examined data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study of half a million people.

Over more than 12 years of follow up, 7,637 participants across eight European countries suffered coronary heart disease incidents including heart attacks.

The researchers examined participants' body mass index (BMI) and whether they were metabolically “healthy” or “unhealthy” - people were classed as unhealthy if they had three or more of a number of metabolic markers, including; high blood pressure, high blood sugar, low levels of HDL cholesterol or an “elevated” waist circumference.

After adjusting for a number of factors, the researchers found that compared to the healthy normal weight group, those classed as unhealthy had more than double the risk of coronary heart disease whether they were normal weight, overweight or obese.

And even overweight and obese people who were deemed “healthy” by their metabolic markers carried a higher risk.

When compared to those who are of a healthy weight, being classed as healthy but overweight carries a 26 per cent increased risk of coronary heart disease and being obese carries a 28 per cent increased risk, according to the new study published in European Heart Journal.

Lead author Dr Camille Lassale said: “Our findings suggest that if a patient is overweight or obese, all efforts should be made to help them get back to a healthy weight, regardless of other factors.

“Even if their blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol appear within the normal range, excess weight is still a risk factor.

“Overall, our findings challenge the concept of the 'healthy obese'. The research shows that those overweight individuals who appear to be otherwise healthy are still at increased risk of heart disease.”

Dr Ioanna Tzoulaki, from Imperial's School of Public Health, added: “I think there is no longer this concept of healthy obese.

“If anything, our study shows that people with excess weight who might be classed as 'healthy' haven't yet developed an unhealthy metabolic profile. That comes later in the timeline, then they have an event, such as a heart attack.”

Commenting on the study Professor Metin Avkiran, associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation which part-funded the research, said: “Coronary heart disease - the cause of heart attacks and angina - is the UK's single biggest killer. But there are steps you can take to lower your risk.

“The take-home message here is that maintaining a healthy body weight is a key step towards maintaining a healthy heart.”

Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed by a gradual build-up of fatty material.

The main symptoms of coronary heart disease include angina, heart attacks and heart failure.