Archaeologists find ‘tiny’ house filled with intricate artwork in ancient city of Pompeii

Archaeologists in Italy have discovered intricate artwork inside a small Pompeii house that was buried in ash and debris from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius nearly 2,000 years ago.

The “tiny” house, the Pompeii Archaeological Park said, was found during excavations at the Insula dei casti Amanti construction site, which is in the ancient city’s central district.

The dwelling was interesting for a number of reasons. For one, it doesn’t have a traditional atrium, which the park called a “peculiarity.”

Typically, Pompeiian houses had open-air atriums with basins for collecting rainwater. The absence of one in this home is likely related to a shift in architectural styles. At the time, some Pompeii residents no longer felt the need for atriums, which were used as reception rooms and to display portraits and trophies, and replaced them with halls and courtyards.

But it’s the wall art that is most “striking,” according to the park. That includes a well-preserved fresco near the back of the house depicting the tragic Greek myth of Hippolytus and Phaedra.

Other walls show scenes from different myths, including a painting believed to be of Venus and Adonis and another depicting the Greek myth known as the Judgment of Paris. In one painting, a satyr — a figure that’s part man and part goat — and a nymph embrace.

In a courtyard near the painting of Hippolytus and Phaedra, plant and animal motifs are painted on an altar, which is decorated with a bird of prey holding a palm branch. There are also two snakes that face each other.

The archaeologists also found ritual offerings that were left behind when the 79 A.D. eruption took the lives of at least 2,000 people in and around Pompeii. Research published in 2021 found that the volcano killed the ancient city’s residents in just 15 minutes.

The park said there was an incense burner and a lamp that had evident traces of burning. Further analysis in a lab identified the remains of a dried fig and scented essences.

The altar’s surface had strips of colored marble, one that depicts a face that is attributable to a companion of Dionysus, the god of wine.

Lastly, they found an iron knife in the front part of the altar’s marble base.

Now, the archaeologists are working inside a series of rooms, and some parts of the construction site have been made available to the public.

“It is an example of public archaeology or, as I prefer to call it, circular archaeology: conservation, research, management, accessibility and fruition form a virtuous circle,” Gabriel Zuchtriegel, the director of the park, said.