Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent

Notifications can be managed in browser preferences.

Health: Personality clue to heart attacks

Monday 19 January 1998 19:02 EST
Comments

Your support helps us to tell the story

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or producing our latest documentary, 'The A Word', which shines a light on the American women fighting for reproductive rights, we know how important it is to parse out the facts from the messaging.

At such a critical moment in US history, we need reporters on the ground. Your donation allows us to keep sending journalists to speak to both sides of the story.

The Independent is trusted by Americans across the entire political spectrum. And unlike many other quality news outlets, we choose not to lock Americans out of our reporting and analysis with paywalls. We believe quality journalism should be available to everyone, paid for by those who can afford it.

Your support makes all the difference.

Negative, insecure and distressed people are three times more likely to suffer a second heart attack than those with other types of personality, according to research published yesterday. Dr Johan Denollet and a team from the University of Antwerp in Edegem, Belgium, carried out tests on 87 men who had suffered a severe heart attack.

The men, all at risk of having more attacks, were monitored for six to 10 years. Researchers found the rate of recurrent heart attack for men with "type D" personalities, characterised by anxiety and negative thinking, was 52 per cent, compared with 12 per cent for non-"type D" individuals. "Type D" people were identified by scores for two particular traits - feelings of worry and anxiety, and social inhibition or lacking assertiveness.

Previous research has "type A" behaviour - characterised by anger and hostility - as a risk factor for heart attack. But Dr Denollet said "type D" findings were more reliable because they depended on two personality traits rather than the "hotchpotch" of signs and symptoms associated with "type A" individuals. The results were published in the American Heart Association journal, Circulation.

Join our commenting forum

Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies

Comments

Thank you for registering

Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in